Chafia Bessalem (UCA, CERDI)

Chafia Bessalem
Université Clermont Auvergne, CERDI

Coauteur : Arnaud Diemer (UCA, CERDI).

Résumé

In recent years, the global energy system has been facing multiple challenges relating to security of supply, geostrategic imbalances, and climate change. In an uncertain environment, the interactions between these issues are making the need for a radical transformation of the energy system increasingly apparent. While countries have put in place roadmaps to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050, the oil sector—which accounts for nearly half of global greenhouse gas emissions—must also begin its transformation. Oil companies must now reconcile financial profitability with reducing their carbon footprint. This paper examines the energy transition scenarios put in place by various countries and players in the global energy system. We begin by analyzing the energy transition roadmaps of five countries (Algeria, the United States, France, and the United Kingdom), which are home to the world's leading oil companies (BP, Chevron, Exxon, Shell, Sonatrach, and Total Energies). Next, we present the low-carbon strategies developed by these same companies since the Paris Agreement. Finally, we seek to determine whether these strategies are hindrances or catalysts in energy transition policies.