PhD Defence: Guy Dabi Gab Leyba

Essais sur l’efficience et la fiscalité pétrolière dans les pays en développement

Jury

Bertrand Laporte, Associate Professor-HDR, Université Clermont Auvergne
Vincent Geronimi, Professeur, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin en Yvelines
Phu Nguyen Van, Research Director, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg
Martine Audibert, Emeritus Research Director, CNRS, Université Clermont Auvergne
Michaël Goujon, Maître de conférences-HDR, Université Clermont Auvergne
Carine Milcent,  CNRS Researcher, Professor, Paris School of Economics

Abstract

The aim of this thesis is to highlight the determinants of the efficiency of public policies in developing countries. The results show that countries with natural resources and in fragile situations tend to have less efficient public spending on primary education. The results also reveal that the increase in the share of health expenditure in total household expenditure, the poverty incidence rate, the literacy rate and the location in areas considered as isolated reduce the efficiency of health structures. Conversely, the increase in the incidence rate of malaria and the prevalence rate of malnutrition improve the efficiency of health structures. Regarding the efficiency of credit institutions, the results highlight an improvement in the efficiency score over the period 2000-2015 despite the fact that on average, the efficiency of banks in the CEMAC zone is around 33%. Estimates also show that a large size and high liquidity improve the technical efficiency of credit institutions while an increase in banking risk reduces it. Finally, the assessment of petroleum tax regimes in force in Chad reveals that production sharing contracts allow to Government to capture a higher share of oil rent compared to contracts based on the concession system. In addition, contracts based on production sharing have the characteristic of being progressive. These results have implications for economic policy. Thus, developing countries should give priority to improving the quality of social spending by promoting transparency and good governance in the implementation of development projects and publics policy. In particular, in the health sector, there is an urgent need to improve the quality of health personnel and better programming of operating expenditure aimed at making health infrastructures operational. Then, to increase the profitability of the banks in the countries of the CEMAC zone, it would be advisable to diversify the structures beneficiary of the credits and to implement reforms aiming at improving the business environment. Finally, the Chadian Government should reactivate a counter-cyclical policy in order to guard against fluctuations in oil revenues.

Keywords

Education, health, public spending, efficiency, natural resources, Order m, SFA, cash flow model; concession contract, production sharing contract.